Dangers of excess folic acid during pregnancy: What you should know

El folic acid, also known as Vitamin B9, is an essential nutrient for the proper development of the fetus during pregnancy. Its consumption is widely recommended for prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly. However, recent studies have shown that excessive consumption of this vitamin can have negative consequences for the mother and the baby.

Why is folic acid recommended during pregnancy?

Folic acid plays a key role in DNA formation and red blood cell production. During pregnancy, it contributes to the growth of the fetus and is essential to prevent birth defects. For this reason, health organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), recommend daily consumption of folic acid supplements in pregnant women.

The natural sources of folates include:

• Green leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli, lettuce)
• Legumes like lentils and chickpeas
• Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, strawberries)
• Nuts (almonds, walnuts)
• Foods of animal origin such as liver

The risks of excess folic acid during pregnancy

Although the folic acid is essential for fetal development, its excessive consumption also has negative consequences. Recent research has linked high levels of this vitamin with increases in the risk of autism and other developmental disorders.

1. Increased risk of autism

A study carried out in the Johns Hopkins University revealed that women with folic acid levels four times higher than recommended at the time of delivery were twice as likely to have children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)Furthermore, it was observed that the combination of high levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid could further increase this risk.

2. Low birth weight and growth disorders

Research with animal models has shown that a high intake of folic acid can lead to alterations in the weight and size of the fetusExcessive doses have been observed to interfere with metabolism and affect the baby's overall development.

3. Heart problems in the fetus

Some evidence suggests that excess folic acid may be related to heart defects in babiesIt has been identified that the accumulation of this vitamin in the body can cause thinning of the walls of the fetal heart.

How much folic acid is recommended?

According to the OMS, the recommended amount of folic acid for pregnant women is:

• 0,4 mg (400 mcg) per day from three months before pregnancy.
• 0,5 mg (500 mcg) daily for pregnant women.
• 0,6 mg (600 mcg) per day during lactation.

However, in many cases supplements contain doses far superior to these recommendations, reaching up to 5 mg, which is equivalent to 10 times the recommended amount.

Factors that can lead to excess folic acid

There are different reasons why women may consume excessive amounts folic acid:

1. Consumption of supplements in incorrect doses: Some women take higher amounts than indicated without medical supervision.
2. Fortified foods: Folic acid is found added in white flour, cereals, bread and pastry products.
3. Individual metabolism: Some people have a genetic predisposition to metabolize folic acid more slowly, which can lead to buildup in the blood.

How to achieve a healthy balance

To avoid the risks of excess folic acid without compromising your essential benefits, it is important to follow some recommendations:

• Seek medical advice before taking supplements and check the proper dosage.
• Obtain folates from natural sources whenever possible.
• Avoid excessive consumption of fortified foods with folic acid.
• Carry out regular medical check-ups to assess blood folic acid levels.

El folic acid It is a fundamental nutrient during pregnancy, but as with any supplement, it should be consumed in moderation. A balanced and supervised consumption guarantees the health of both mother and baby, avoiding negative consequences resulting from excessive consumption.